Color blindness

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Demonstration
Transformation plates
Vanishing plates
Hidden-digit plates
Classification plates
Plate colors

Both keep every plate working the same way, for every type of color vision.

Why there are two →

The Ishihara plates, explained

Thirty-eight plates, each built to reveal a different way of seeing color. On some of them, seeing nothing at all is the correct answer.

How to look

  • Arm's length, in good light
  • About 3 seconds per plate, then answer
  • Turn off Night Shift, True Tone and any color filters

A screen is an illustration, not a medical test.

Plate 1

Demonstration

Everyone can read this plate, even people with no color vision at all. It shows what the test asks of you. Someone who cannot read it has a problem other than color vision.

How these plates work →

Plate 1 · Demonstration

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
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Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision12
Protan red12
Deutan green12
Tritan bluesame as normal
No color vision12

To cones, the orange 12 is exactly as bright as the blue-gray dots. To rods it is less than half as bright. So even people who see only with rods read a dark 12.

How this works →

Plates 2–9

Transformation plates

Two numbers hide in the same dots. Normal vision reads one, red-green color blindness reads another. So a “wrong” number here is not a miss: it is a sign.

How these plates work →

Plate 2 · Transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
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Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision8
Protan red3
Deutan green3
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

A pink “3” and orange strokes together make the “8”. For red-green color blindness, the orange strokes merge into the olive background, and the “3” is left.

How this works →

Plate 3 · Transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision6
Protan red5
Deutan green5
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Two numbers in one plate: the “6” is written in red-green, the “5” in blue-yellow. Normal vision reads the stronger “6”. Without red-green, the “5” is what remains.

How this works →

Plate 4 · Transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision29
Protan red70
Deutan green70
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Both digits transform: the same dots group into 29 for normal vision and into 70 for red-green color blindness.

How this works →

Plate 5 · Transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision57
Protan red35
Deutan green35
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Both digits transform. This plate's dots were redrawn after the 1957 printing, but its answers never changed.

How this works →

Plate 6 · Transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision5
Protan red2
Deutan green2
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

An older edition's version of this 5/2 plate was measured ink by ink: its dots fall into four color groups, which pair up as a 5 or as a 2 depending on the eye.

How this works →

Plate 7 · Transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision3
Protan red5
Deutan green5
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

In one study about a third of deutans still read the normal 3, against one protan in ten. Deutans resist this plate better.

How this works →

Plate 8 · Transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision15
Protan red17
Deutan green17
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

In the same study about one deutan in five still read the normal 15, and almost no protans did.

How this works →

Plate 9 · Transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision74
Protan red21
Deutan green21
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

The best-known Ishihara plate. The same design appears on loose plates from 1917–1959, in the 1957 book and in the 24-plate edition.

How this works →

Plates 10–17

Vanishing plates

A number that disappears for red-green color blindness. Seeing nothing is not a failure to try: it is the answer these plates are designed to get.

How these plates work →

Plate 10 · Vanishing

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision2
Protan rednothing
Deutan greennothing
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Each orange in the “2” has a twin in the background that red-green color blindness cannot tell apart, so the 2 simply dissolves. Seeing nothing is the designed answer.

How this works →

Plate 11 · Vanishing

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision6
Protan rednothing
Deutan greennothing
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

A website recolored this plate's dots and passed them off as plate 3: one of the fakes found while checking the plates.

How this works →

Plate 12 · Vanishing

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision97
Protan rednothing
Deutan greennothing
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

The vanishing plate that people with normal vision miss most often: in one study only about three in four read it correctly.

How this works →

Plate 13 · Vanishing

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision45
Protan rednothing
Deutan greennothing
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

The same design appears on a loose Ishihara plate from 1917–1959 in the Wellcome Collection.

How this works →

Plate 14 · Vanishing

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision5
Protan rednothing
Deutan greennothing
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

One of the four plates (10, 13, 14 and 17) that the hidden-digit plates are compared against when scoring.

How this works →

Plate 15 · Vanishing

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision7
Protan rednothing
Deutan greennothing
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Blue and yellow dots scattered across the plate draw a red-green color blind eye away from the little red-green difference that is left.

How this works →

Plate 16 · Vanishing

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision16
Protan rednothing
Deutan greennothing
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Like every vanishing plate, the figure exists only in red-green. Without it, the plate is an even field of dots.

How this works →

Plate 17 · Vanishing

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision73
Protan rednothing
Deutan greennothing
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

The second-hardest vanishing plate for normal vision: about three in four read it correctly in one study.

How this works →

Plates 18–21

Hidden-digit plates

The reverse: a number that red-green color blind people can read and most people with normal vision cannot. The least reliable group of the test.

How these plates work →

Plate 18 · Hidden digit

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
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Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal visionnothing
Protan red5
Deutan green5
Tritan blueprobably nothing, like normal vision *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

The “5” is written in blue, with pale, washed-out dots. Bold red-green stripes printed over it capture normal vision. In the blue channel alone, anyone can see it.

How this works →

Plate 19 · Hidden digit

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal visionnothing
Protan red2
Deutan green2
Tritan blueprobably nothing, like normal vision *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Like plate 18: a digit carried by blue-yellow, hidden from normal vision by red-green camouflage.

How this works →

Plate 20 · Hidden digit

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
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Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal visionnothing
Protan red45
Deutan green45
Tritan blueprobably nothing, like normal vision *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Many people with normal vision read the hidden digits too, and only about half of red-green color blind people do. So the booklet counts them only if they are read more easily than the vanishing plates.

How this works →

Plate 21 · Hidden digit

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal visionnothing
Protan red73
Deutan green73
Tritan blueprobably nothing, like normal vision *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

A website serves a different, fake design as plate 21. The genuine one also appears on a loose Ishihara plate from 1917–1959.

How this works →

Plates 22–25

Classification plates

Two digits at once: one survives for protans, the other for deutans. In mild cases both may show, one clearer than the other.

How these plates work →

Plate 22 · Classification

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision26
Protan, strong red6
Protan, mild red6, 2 faint
Deutan, strong green2
Deutan, mild green2, 6 faint
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionindefinite

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Both digits are as light as the grays around them. The red “2” survives for deutans, the purple “6” for protans.

How this works →

Plate 23 · Classification

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision42
Protan, strong red2
Protan, mild red2, 4 faint
Deutan, strong green4
Deutan, mild green4, 2 faint
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionindefinite

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Deutans keep the 4, protans the 2. The same design appears on a loose Ishihara plate from 1917–1959.

How this works →

Plate 24 · Classification

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision35
Protan, strong red5
Protan, mild red5, 3 faint
Deutan, strong green3
Deutan, mild green3, 5 faint
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionindefinite

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Deutans keep the 3, protans the 5. A fake “35” found online is drawn on plate 23's dots.

How this works →

Plate 25 · Classification

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

What do you see?

Type every digit you see. Seeing no number is a real answer on some plates.

Normal vision96
Protan, strong red6
Protan, mild red6, 9 faint
Deutan, strong green9
Deutan, mild green9, 6 faint
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionindefinite

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Deutans keep the 9, protans the 6. About two in five mild cases see both digits, and can only be told apart by which one looks clearer.

How this works →

Plates 26–38

Tracing plates

For people who cannot read numerals. Follow the winding line between the two × with your eyes.

How these plates work →

Plate 26 · Tracing · classification

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionthe purple and the red line
Protan, strong redthe purple line only
Protan, mild redboth lines, the purple one easier
Deutan, strong greenthe red line only
Deutan, mild greenboth lines, the red one easier
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnot stated in the booklet

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Two lines start at the two × on the left: a red one, which deutans keep, and a purple one, which protans keep.

How this works →

Plate 27 · Tracing · classification

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionthe purple and the red line
Protan, strong redthe purple line only
Protan, mild redboth lines, the purple one easier
Deutan, strong greenthe red line only
Deutan, mild greenboth lines, the red one easier
Tritan bluesame as normal (not detected) *
No color visionnot stated in the booklet

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Like plate 26, but here the red line is the lower one.

How this works →

Plate 28 · Tracing · hidden line

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionnothing
Protan redtraces the line
Deutan greentraces the line
Tritan blueprobably nothing, like normal vision *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

The tracing version of the hidden-digit plates: normal vision sees scattered dots, red-green color blindness finds a line.

How this works →

Plate 29 · Tracing · hidden line

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionnothing
Protan redtraces the line
Deutan greentraces the line
Tritan blueprobably nothing, like normal vision *
No color visionnothing

* inferred from how the plate works, not measured.

Like plate 28: a line hidden from normal vision.

How this works →

Plate 30 · Tracing · vanishing line

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionthe bluish-green line
Protan redcannot follow it, or follows a different line
Deutan greencannot follow it, or follows a different line
Tritan blueunknown
No color visionnot stated in the booklet

The tracing version of the vanishing plates: a bluish-green line that red-green color blindness loses, or leaves for a different path.

How this works →

Plate 31 · Tracing · vanishing line

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionthe bluish-green line
Protan redcannot follow it, or follows a different line
Deutan greencannot follow it, or follows a different line
Tritan blueunknown
No color visionnot stated in the booklet

Like plate 30: the bluish-green line vanishes for red-green color blindness.

How this works →

Plate 32 · Tracing · vanishing line

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionthe orange line
Protan redcannot follow it, or follows a different line
Deutan greencannot follow it, or follows a different line
Tritan blueunknown
No color visionnot stated in the booklet

An orange line that red-green color blindness cannot follow, or follows off course.

How this works →

Plate 33 · Tracing · vanishing line

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionthe orange line
Protan redcannot follow it, or follows a different line
Deutan greencannot follow it, or follows a different line
Tritan blueunknown
No color visionnot stated in the booklet

Like plate 32. This line ends at the bottom right, so its second × is there.

How this works →

Plate 34 · Tracing · transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionbluish-green to yellowish-green
Protan redbluish-green to purple
Deutan greenbluish-green to purple
Tritan blueunknown
No color visionnothing

The line changes partner. Normal vision joins bluish-green to yellowish-green; red-green color blindness joins bluish-green to purple.

How this works →

Plate 35 · Tracing · transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionbluish-green to yellowish-green
Protan redbluish-green to purple
Deutan greenbluish-green to purple
Tritan blueunknown
No color visionnothing

Like plate 34: two different routes from the same start.

How this works →

Plate 36 · Tracing · transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionpurple to orange
Protan redpurple to bluish-green
Deutan greenpurple to bluish-green
Tritan blueunknown
No color visionnothing

Normal vision joins purple to orange; red-green color blindness joins purple to bluish-green.

How this works →

Plate 37 · Tracing · transformation

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visionpurple to orange
Protan redpurple to bluish-green
Deutan greenpurple to bluish-green
Tritan blueunknown
No color visionnothing

Like plate 36: two different routes from the same start.

How this works →

Plate 38 · Tracing · demonstration

See it asa model of other people's color vision
Strength
deutan and protan only
Take it apartone color channel changed, as in an image editor
RemoveOnly

Showing: Normal

Can you follow a line between the two ×?

Normal visiontraces the line
Protan redtraces the line
Deutan greentraces the line
Tritan bluesame as normal
No color visionnot stated in the booklet

The tracing version of plate 1: an orange line on blue-gray that everyone can follow, even with rods only.

How this works →

After the plates

What your answers may mean

How the booklet scores it

Only plates 1 to 21 are scored. Reading 17 or more of them the normal way means normal color vision. Reading 13 or fewer means red-green color blindness. A score of 14 to 16 is rare, and needs other tests to decide.

The hidden-digit plates 18 to 21 count only if you read them more easily than plates 10, 13, 14 and 17. Plates 22 to 25 then tell protan from deutan.

Why only plates 1 to 21 count

Plates 22 to 25 sort someone who has already failed into protan or deutan, and strong or mild. They can't tell mild color blindness from normal vision, because both read the two digits. They are also the least reliable plates: in one study, 18% of protanopes saw neither digit, and about 40% of mild cases could be sorted only by which digit looked clearer.

Plates 26 to 38 replace the numbers for people who can't read them, such as young children, who trace the line with a brush. Each one repeats a numeral plate, so the booklet scores only plates 1 to 21.

Not a diagnosis

A screen shows these colors only approximately, and the real test needs good daylight, the printed book and an examiner. If the plates surprised you, an eye doctor or optometrist can test you properly, and an instrument called an anomaloscope can tell how strong it is.

How the test works →
How colors hide →